D. , 2006, Lee et al. NuSieve TM GTG TM Agarose forms easy-to-handle gels and provides consistent DNA mobility from lot-to-lot and is tested for the presence of proteases, ligases and. Load the gel and electrophorese at 5-6 V/cm until the bromophenol blue (the faster-migrating dye) has migrated at least 2-3 cm into the gel, or as far as 2/3 the length of the gel. The agarose tablets are made of standard melting point agarose that yields high resolution, sharp DNA bands with high clarity and low background. Sign in. agarose: [noun] a polysaccharide obtained from agar and used especially as a supporting medium in gel electrophoresis. At low temperatures, an agarose aqueous solution gradually gels. 1: Cube Biotech Agarose beads, stained with bis-ANS dye. Data Views : Total Plants: 1 Download data as CSV. Due to its low EEO, the electrophoretic mobility of DNA in SeaKem ® Gold Agarose gels is significantly greater than in. Lane 1: DNA Ladder. The following is a list of properties associated with our agaroses: Sulfate content - used as an indicator of purity, since sulfate is the major ionic group present. DNA fragments of the equal size will take longer time to move through a low melting agarose gel. Gibco™ 4% Agarose is an autoclaved, high purity, low melting point gel designed for plaque assays and the purification of baculovirus. Agarose, a marine-based polysaccharide, is the gelling component of agar extracted from red seaweeds. Agarose market size is estimated to reach USD 213. Please note that this protocol will change depending on your specific agarose gel apparatus. Gently swirl to resuspend any agarose particles. Agarose gel electrophoresis is a relatively easy to use method, commonly applied to evaluate PCR reaction success. Functional Properties. Fast-dissolving powders come premixed for quick preparation using neutral liquids. 81, AgaA, AgaB, endo-β-agarase, agarose 3-glycanohydrolase) is an enzyme with systematic name agarose 4-glycanohydrolase. Lane 6: Genomic DNA. Stachyose, an oligosaccharide found in beans and other legumes, is broken down by bacteria in the large intestine. Separate DNA molecules by electrophoresis. Features of High C. [ 1] m -APBA is a boronate affinity matrix that is effectively used for affinity purification of monoclonal antibodies. Table. 1: Background. net dictionary. During gelation, agarose polymers associate non-covalently and. 7 kDa) was conjugated with polyethylene glycol (PEG 9 kDa) affording nano-sized PEGylated amphoteric agarose (PEG-AAE; <10 nm; DLS) containing amino, carboxyl and ester groups [overall degree of substitution (DS) 0. Learn how to say/pronounce agavose in American English. Catalog Number: B2014790 (100 mL) 4% Agarose Beads Crosslinked is a high quality 4% Agarose Beads Crosslinked. 1. 25% agarose gels prepared in TAE アガロース (agarose) は ゲル 化しやすい中性 多糖 。. Agarose gel is a substance that is used in biochemistry and biotechnology for gel electrophoresis and size exclusion chromatography, which are methods of sorting large molecules by their size and electrical charge. Concentration of agarose used for separating fragments of different sizes. 3801 831. Both agar and agarose act to solidify the nutrients that would otherwise remain in solution. It is a medium commonly used in molecular biology laboratories for various applications such as gel electrophoresis, DNA separation, and protein purification. With low EEO of =0. Agarose has been used vastly in biomedical applications because of its controlled self-gelling properties, water-solubility, adjustable mechanical properties, and non-immunogenic properties. Interactions between proteins and nucleic acids are frequently analyzed using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs). Agarose Gel Electrophoresis. The resin can be regenerated by washing with 3-5 column volumes. 9% sodium chloride) and used as water phase. Lane 3: Completely digested plasmid A. A quality general application agarose that provides good resolution and is cost-effective for high volume users. Agarose gel electrophoresis and subsequent staining with ethidium bromide are used for the identification of PCR products. [Leitura na Descrição]#agavep…Help us educate with a LIKE, SUBSCRIBE,and DONATION. 00% should help. Agarose can be used as a gelling agent, to separate nucleic acids electrophoretically. Subscribe for more pronunciation videos. Agarose-based beads are highly porous, mechanically resistant, chemically and physically inert, and sharply hydrophilic. Identification Product Name agarose Cat No. 6) Wait for solution to solidify. UltraPure™ Agarose is ideal for resolving DNA and RNA fragments from 100 bp to >30 kb. Agarose solutions exhibit hysteresis in. 2. 7g low melting temp agar or agarose into glass jar and add 10ml water, shake. Size. com ustomer Services: customrsrvice. Be careful with large gels: they may get warm in the center while the edges are cool. Agarose gels can be used to resolve large fragments of DNA. Product Overview. Follow the Agarose Gel Electrophoresis Protocol with the following amendments:. 7% agarose gel in 40ml TAE, Agarose (g) = (0. Protein G is an immunoglobulin-binding protein expressed in group C and G Streptococcal bacteria. Pierce Streptavidin Agarose consists of purified recombinant streptavidin that has been covalently immobilized onto high-quality crosslinked 6% beaded agarose. 16-125. Agarose as a tissue equivalent phantom material for NMR imaging. You can reduce the risk of overheating by cooling down the buffer and/or the gel before the run, or run the gel in a cold room. Agarose-based biomaterials due to their unique properties have been showing an increasing attention in tissue engineering applications. アガロースの構造. 1 M MES for 3 commercial proteins, i. Pierce™ IgG Elution Buffer. LE Agarose Gel. Description. Here, collagen type I was blended at two concentrations (2 and 4. 1. Transfer the gel into the gel electrophoresis tank and fill up the tank with 1x TBE buffer. Streptavidin is a tetrameric biotin-binding protein. EZview Red Anti-HA Affinity Gel is a red colored Anti-HA agarose affinity gel that contains anti-HA monoclonal antibody which is covalently attached to crosslinked agarose beads. 1. Slowly slide the glass slides apart, being careful that the agarose pad doesn’t slip off or tear. During gelation, agarose polymers associate non-covalently and. What does acervose mean? Information and translations of acervose in the most comprehensive. com | Analytical grade agarose is most suitable for nucleic acids gel electrophoresis. Heat stable, cross-linked 4% agarose beads with a molecular weight exclusion limit of about 2x10 7 daltons are used as the solid-phase matrix to which the lectins are covalently coupled. 1263/jbb. It is a cell wall protein and shows high affinity to IgG (immunoglobulin G). Dilute solutions so. Sampling can be carried out without an extra treatment and some complicated sample stabilization procedures. 64. The GST-tag is a short protein encoding an enzyme, gluthathione S -transferase. Lazzara Lab Brooke McGirr Last updated by BAM & EKD January 27, 2019 Protocol for DNA Gel Electrophoresis Adapted from protocol by Alice WalshDescription. Agarose Gel is a porous matrix that acts as a sieve through which negatively charged linear DNA fragments migrate under an electric field and are separated based on their size. 1,. Fig. For. If separated nucleic acids are to be used as substrates for enzymes (e. IBI Basic Agarose is a molecular biology certified agarose for use in standard electrophoresis procedures. Use ultrapure-quality agarose since impurities such as polysaccharides, salts, and proteins can affect the migration of DNA. EEO (–mr): 0. NuSieve TM 3:1 Agarose is designed for analytical electrophoresis rather than in gel reactions or downstream applications. This video shows you how to pronounce the word agavose in english. Properties: Gel Strength (1%): ≥1,000g/cm 2. Compacted luciferase plasmid was mixed with low gelling temperature agarose (which gels at 26–30 °C) at 37 °C, to yield compacted DNA/agarose hydrogels. Axygen™ Agarose LE is a high quality molecular biology grade agarose suitable for analytical and preparative electrophoresis of nucleic acids. 2. Agarose is a thermally gelling polymer; when the temperature is under 35 °C, the gelling process. This can be achieved by using a wider gel comb and running the gel at a lower voltage. Custom bulk amounts of this product are available upon. This support is compatible with all commonly used buffers and can be used with high-salt buffers without significantly changing the bed volume. Shut off the power supply, unplug the leads, unplug the power supply. In biochemistry agar and agarose gels have been used both as supports for electrophoresis [ 85 ], and for protein immobilization [ 86, 87 ], because of some favorable functional properties. A Story of agavose. Streptavidin is also more resistant than avidin. Features of Monomeric Avidin Agarose: Non-denaturingpurifies biotinylated products us. Using hydrogels with additive manufacturing techniques has typically required the addition of techniques such as cross-linking or printing in sacrificial materials that negatively impact tissue growth to remedy inconsistencies in print fidelity. No. Product Overview SeaKem ® LE Agarose was the first and is still the world’s most trusted agarose for nucleic acid electrophoresis. Precast agarose gels are available with TAE or TBE buffer, 1% or 3% agarose, with or without ethidium bromide, and in a range of well configurations, from 8 wells to 4 rows x 26 wells. What does agavose mean? Information and translations of agavose in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. The DNA is negatively charged and will run towards the positive electrode. Set temperature restriction on microwave to 80°. The HA tag contains a high proportion of charged amino acid residues, which makes the HA tag likely to form a strong antibody recognition site. Compared to tris-borate-EDTA (TBE) and tris-phosphate-EDTA (TPE) buffers, double-stranded DNA tends to run faster in TAE. At neutral and alkaline pH, Con A exists as a tetramer of four identical subunits; below pH 5. It is an alternating copolymer of β-1,3-linked d -galactose and α-1,4-linked 3,6-anhydro-α- l -galactose residues [51, 52]. 2. This product is adequate to work in batch or column purifications (Low Pressure). Gelling temperature (1. Learn the definition of agavose. Protein A Agarose Beads for the purification of human, mouse & rabbit immunoglobins. These gels can be run with or without a denaturant. Between 2. CAS: 9012-36-6 MDL: MFCD00081294 EINECS: 232-731-8 A low-melting agarose that melts between 62 to 68 °C and remains liquid for several hours at 37 °C. Agarose gels are made using agarose powder dissolved in a liquid buffer. Typically, a DNA molecule is digested with restriction enzymes, and the agarose gel electrophoresis is used as a diagnostic tool to visualize the fragments. OVERVIEW. Bulk available at Sigmaaldrich. Shop online at sigmaaldrich. Services. For preparative work, an Agarose with Low gelling temperature. 5 hours in a 20 cm long horizontal or vertical gel format. NuSieve® is a high strength agarose perfect for analytical electrophoresis of small DNA/RNA fragments and In-gel PCR/Transformation/Ligation. 5× TB to distinguish the ssRNA 21-mers from the annealed dsRNA complex (p19RNA-1/2). Selected precast agarose gels are available with well. 1. Carefully remove the combs without splitting the gel, especially around the wells. Protein G Agarose binds to the Fc portion of immnuoglobulins (Igs) from various species; useful for binding to Igs that do not react well with protein A. It is a medium commonly used in molecular biology laboratories for various applications such as gel electrophoresis, DNA separation, and protein purification. A collaborative study led by researchers from Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute has revealed the promising possibilities of using an agarose spot migration. Agarose is a thermally gelling polymer; when the temperature is under 35 °C, the gelling process. Phantoms for evaluation of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging systems were made from water-based agarose gels, according to a standard procedure herein described. 3. The agarose plugs were equilibrated in the recommended 1X NEBuffer by two 15 minute washes (100 µl each) and then incubated in 100 µl of fresh 1X NEBuffer plus 2, 5, or 20 units of enzyme. Agarose solutions exhibit hysteresis in. 1 M alpha-lactose. It interacts with all subclasses of human IgG and also binds to mouse, rabbit and goat IgG. Both agar and agarose are able to liquefy when heated sufficiently, and both return to a gel state upon cooling. Mouse IgGs have four distinct isotypes, namely, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3. Sequence: AT-rich DNA may migrate more. Diffusion measurements were conducted with concentrations low. To more closely examine the. Agarose (g) = Percent * Volume. Cell and Gene Therapy. Note: You will want nice crisp bands. No. 2: Prepare the agarose gel. 8S/5S rRNA bands are intact in gels with bleach concentrations of 1. [ 2]Agarose 50g, LMP. Thermo Scientific Pierce Iminobiotin Agarose provides for unusual affinity purification experiments involving clean-up or removal of streptavidin or avidin protein components. Bovine Serum Albumin (Albumin bovine serum ); lyophilized powder, >= 96% agarose gel electrophoresis; Certain conformational and primary-sequence epitopes of BSA are suspected allergens in human beef and milk allergies;General description. Cite This Source. Be particularly careful not to contact the steam that will be coming through the opening of the flask. The main methods include suspension gelation [5, 6] and spraying gelation [7, 8]. It is usually used for the isolation of separated DNA fragments. To learn more about how to interpret DNA gel electrophoresis, watch our video below:The ever-growing use of agarose-based biomaterials for drug delivery systems resulted in rapid growth in the number of related publications, however still, a long way should be paved to achieve FDA approval for most of the proposed products. 5%): 36–39°C. 7/100) x 40. doi: 10. This is a satire channel. g. 3. Viewed 2. General description. The red line that shows a linear profile represents the. Agarose L03 has been purified to remove contaminants and is intended for use during gel electrophoresis to separate DNA fragments that are greater than or equal to 1,000 bp. Examples Of Using Oligosaccharide In A Sentence. Agarose derived from marine red algae was purchased from Biowest (Spain), silver nitrate (AgNO 3) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Gel point - the temperature at which an aqueous agarose solution forms a gel as it cools. Dnase Free. Tris-acetate-EDTA (TAE) running buffer and tris-borate-EDTA (TBE) are commonly used buffers for DNA agarose gel electrophoresis that are especially useful in preparative work. Copper sulfate (CuSO4) was. The attachment of the lectins to the beads is carefully. • Fast, reliable & efficient. • Inert and stable —NeutrAvidin. 2. In my. Acrylamide cannot be used for such purpose because it remains liquid at the concentration required for the appropriate separation of high molecular weight analytes. 5. These results suggest that a 1% TAE agarose ‘bleach gel’ is best run at a concentration of 0. Quick Order. Bead concentration: 25% slurry in phosphate buffered saline, 0. C12H22O11 A sugar found in the juice of the agave tree; used in medicine as a diuretic and laxative. Agarose is highly biocompatible and possesses variable mechanical and diffusion properties. Agarose solutions exhibit hysteresis in. We have developed a new Western blotting method of native proteins from agarose-based gel electrophoresis using a buffer at pH 6. Agarose, abbreviated as AG, is the uncharged neutral component of agar. It is usually used for the isolation of separated DNA fragments. A9793. Agarose, a polysaccharide obtained from agar, is used for a variety of molecular biology applications. Electrophoresis of RNA in, e. 4 Agarose. Furthermore, agarose can separate DNA fragments of 50-20,000 bp in size. It is composed of a polysaccharide polymer material formed of repeating units of 1–3-linked β-D galactose and 1,4-linked 3,6-anhydro-α-l-galactose [5]. Uniform-sized agarose beads were prepared by membrane emulsification technique in this study. Gelling Point (1. DNA is extracted. It is an alternating copolymer of β-1,3-linked d -galactose and α-1,4-linked 3,6-anhydro-α- l -galactose residues [51, 52]. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product. Gels forms at <30°C, remelt at temperatures in. The proteins may be separated by charge and/or size ( isoelectric. Agarose typically runs horizontal tests to resolve large DNA fragments while acrylamide runs vertical separations for shorter nucleic acids. It is composed of a mechanical stirrer, a pressurized (N 2) steel tank, an emulsion container, and several tubular SPG membranes, all of which are enclosed in a. IBI Scientific. Agarose is a natural polysaccharide found in seaweed. Agarose, based on its stiffness and functional groups, can support cellular adhesion, proliferation, and activity. Features of UltraPure™ Agarose: The new environmentally friendly packaging uses 75% less plastic than the original bottles. , Goodman H. Product. 5% and 2%. Agarose gel electrophoresis is the most effective way of separating DNA fragments of varying sizes ranging from 100 bp to 25 kb 1. Consideration #5: Effects of fluorescent dyes. Gel point - the temperature at which an aqueous agarose solution forms a gel as it cools. It should remain on one of the slides. 15510-027. For best results, make sure solution is completely liquid before pouring into plate. 4. Red algae are important renewable bioresources with very large annual outputs. Nowadays, there is a growing interest to develop biodegradable functional composite materials for food packaging and biomedicine applications from renewable sources. , BSA (lane-B), chymotrypsin (lane-C) and lysozyme (lane-L), as controls and 10 mAb samples (mAb-1 to mAb-10). [2] It is a low gelling temperature derivative with unique gelling properties. Cell Culture and Transfection. Agarase ( EC 3. 5%): 87–89°C. This review aims at a classification of agarose-based biomaterials and their derivatives applicable for. The GST-tag. Thermo Scientific Pierce Monomeric Avidin Agarose is ideal for purifying biotinylated proteins, peptides and other molecules. Agar and agarose are two forms of solid growth media that are used for the culture of microorganisms , particularly bacteria . Agarose bound Con A is prepared using our affinity-purified lectins. Each precast agarose gel contains an ion generating system, a pH balancing system, and DNA stain packaged inside a transparent plastic cassette. Remove as much supernatant as possible without disturbing pellet. Gel strength - the force that must be applied to a gel to cause it to fracture. Thermo Scientific Pierce Agaroses are highly purified and carefully blended formulations of regular- or low-melting agarose that provide uniform lot-to-lot consistency for preparation of electrophoresis gels. Protein A is covalently coupled to agarose beads. , 2014;. Magnetization: ferrimagnetic with low remanence. Gel point - the temperature at which an aqueous agarose solution forms a gel as it cools. The agarose beads have physical and chemical properties that. Your price: Log in. Description: Agarose is a linear polymer consisting of alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose units. [1] Agarose gel electrophoresis is useful for the clinical routine analyses of proteins in plasma and other body fluids. Smaller molecules migrate faster than larger ones, leading to the separation. Run the gel at 80-150 V until the dye line is approximately 75-80% of the way down the gel. Lane 4: Digested PCR product (or DNA Fragment). However, when the temperature is between 20 and 70°C. Thermo Scientific Pierce Protein A/G Plus Agarose is an exceptionally high-capacity Protein A/G beaded agarose resin for use in a variety of antibody affinity purification methods. 7%T, 1. Molecular weight: 630. IBI Basic Agarose has excellent gel strength and clarity, and provides clear concise bands. 5471. Agarose, a marine-based polysaccharide, is the gelling component of agar extracted from red seaweeds. EDVOTEK® Quick Guide: Agarose Gel Electrophoresis 1. We synthesized a conjugate in which gelatin was covalently crosslinked to agarose using 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) in dimethyl sulfoxide in order to obtain gels with cellular adhesiveness that showed a sol-to. (A) Overlay of consecutive snapshots of POPC GUVs in the absence (left) and presence (right) of 0. ( a) Agarose-based structured optical fibre: ( b) cross-section view of the end-face and ( c) output speckle field of the core-guided modes. 25g. The Thermo Scientific TopVision Agarose Tablets, low EEO (LE), are a multi-purpose agarose in tablet format delivered in a convenient blister pack. 457. Numerous compounds present in the ocean are contributing to the development of the biomedical field. How to pronounce agavose: How to pronounce agavose. Agarose (g) = 0. 1: Background. [2] It is a low gelling temperature derivative with unique gelling properties. 500 ng of each indicated RNA was run on a 3. Objectives At the end of this lab, students should be able to: • prepare an agarose gel for separating DNA molecules. It is very suitable for these applications because of its. Popular answers (1) Agarose gel has a storage life of about 3 - 4 weeks if it is mixed with specified amount of buffer solution and it should be stored in dark at a temperature of around 4 0 C. Features of Control Agarose Resin: • Matched control resin —the crosslinked 4% beaded agarose (CL4B) is the same base support used in our various IP and co-IP kits. The longer incubation may be necessary to completely denature the RNA. SAFETY DATA SHEET Creation Date 05-Dec-2011 Revision Date 24-Dec-2021 Revision Number 4 1. 1: Supplemental Figure 1. Protein A exhibits high affinity for subclasses of IgG from many species (including human, rabbit, mouse, rat, and sheep) and can be used for immunoprecipitation assays with these antibodies. Click Choose DNA Sequences → Choose Sequence Files to browse to and select files on your computer. 5% to 1% v/v bleach. Sign in. It comprises a GFP Nanobody/ VHH coupled to magnetic agarose beads. Chromatography. Immunoprecipitation of GFP-fusion proteins and their interacting factors with anti-GFP Nanobody conjugated to magnetic agarose beads. Definitions. VAT. Agarose can be dissolved in boiling water and a gel is formed after cooling this solution below 45 °C as a result of extensive hydrogen-bonding between the agarose chains. Glutathione is a highly efficient affinity purification tool because its affinity for GST is in the submillimolar range. Thank you!, Find out information about agavose. It's a thermoresponsive gel often utilized in robotic dispensing systems for the automated construction of 3D cell-containing scaffolds ( 72 ). (Select up to 3 total. •. Once the agar has been processed, the agarose is in the form of a dry powder. The 11-well E-Gel EX agarose gels are available in 1%, 2%, and 4% gel percentages. 103. However, it is uncertain to what extent the brightness of bands is informative about the concentration of the amplicons. 09. Fold several paper towels and wrap them around the neck of the flask when you handle it. 5%): 36–39°C. A`cer´vose. Abstract. 1 as a running buffer. Full of heaps. Ideal for routine analysis of nucleic acids by gel electrophoresis and blotting, each SeaKem ® LE Gel sharply resolves DNA and provides consistent resolution from lot-to-lot. 16520-050 replaces Cat. Article. An illustration of an open book. 5- to 25-kb DNA fragments. Agarose is a polysaccharide obtained from some seaweeds, with a quite particular structure that allows spontaneous gelation. GUV immobilization efficiency. UltraPure™ Agarose is ideal for resolving DNA and RNA fragments from 100 bp to >30 kb. Agarose is a highly purified polysaccharide that is isolated from agar, a gel-like substance found in red seaweed. Agarose gel electrophoresis is a relatively easy to use method, commonly applied to evaluate PCR reaction success. This sequence occurs at amino acid residues 98-106 of the full-length HA protein. Agarose gel electrophoresis is a method of gel electrophoresis used in biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, and clinical chemistry to separate a mixed population of macromolecules such as DNA or proteins in a matrix of agarose, one of the two main components of agar. . Note: Black is negative, red is positive. Gel solidifies at 36 °C ±1. MetaPhor® is an intermediate melting temperature agarose that lets you resolve DNA fragments differing in size by 2%, in the range of 200 bp to 800 bp. This allows the gel to be used in myriad applications across fields as diverse as the food industry, mol. Azide agarose is a 6% crosslinked agarose resin that is activated with azide functional groups for covalent capture of alkyne-tagged biomolecules via copper (I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide or copper (I)-free strain-promoted alkyne-azide click chemistry approach. (2021). 16500-500 is a replacement for Cat. Food and Drug Administration. Place in the microwave oven and heat on high power for two minutes. 2 shows the results of horizontal agarose gel electrophoresis with 0. 13, and gelling point of 34°- 38°C. 50. 1. Create a larger agarose gel. Louis, MO, USA), and antimicrobial peptide odorranain A (OA) was synthesized by our laboratory. This standard melting temperature agarose can resolve DNA. S. As low as $ 131. Electrophoresis. Agarose is non-toxic and has several properties and specifications that make it useful as a gelling agent in many applications, such as nucleic acid electrophoresis, immunodiffusion techniques, gel plates or overlays for cells in tissue culture, cell culture media, gel chromatography, affinity chromatography, and ion exchange chromatography. Agahozo is a Kinyarwanda word. 4 Agarose. Select one or more sequences and click Remove to. 11,1639. 7-0. Download a full report in PDF format. No. NuSieve TM 3:1 Agarose is designed for analytical electrophoresis rather than in gel reactions or downstream applications. Strong physical bonding with the aid of exogenous crosslinkers makes agarose-based DDSs superior over other polysaccharide. Agarose for IgG purification. This technique separates bound protein:nucleic acid complexes from free nucleic acids by electrophoresis, most commonly using polyacrylamide gels. It is a natural sweetener that is commonly used in the production of tequila and. Purpose of Gel Electrophoresis. For a protein with the GST tag, choose glutathione agarose resin. Bio-Gel A 1. , 2018b). Intercalating agents or dyes are used to visualize the amplified fragments. DNA fragments smaller than 100 bp are more effectively separated using polyacrylamide gel. Agar and agarose Agar and agarose are two forms of solid growth media that are used for the culture of microorganisms , particularly bacteria . Top 5 Agarose Gel Mistakes. Product Type. Using a scalpel or razor blade, gently cut the pad into small squares, ~ 1 x 1 cm (Figure 5). 2.